原作者：
来源John Hancock — Historycom Articles, Video, Pictures and Facts
译者何无鱼

Born in Braintree (now Quincy) Massacusetts in 1737, John Hancock was an American merchant, Revolutionary leader and Massachusetts governor. He is best known as the first signer of the Declaration of Indpendence.

约翰·汉考克1737年出生于马萨诸塞州的布伦特里（Braintree，即如今的昆西），他的身份包括商人、独立战争领导人以及马萨诸塞州州长。 而最为人所知的，约翰·汉考克是美国《独立宣言》的第一个签署人。

After graduating from Harvard (1754), Hancock entered a mercantile house in Boston owned by his uncle Thomas Hancock, who later left him a large fortune. In 1765 he became a selectman of Boston and from 1769 to 1774 was a member of the Massachusetts General Court. He was chairman of the Boston town committee formed immediately after the Boston Massacre in 1770 to demand the removal of British troops from the city.

从哈佛毕业后（1754年），约翰·汉考克进入自己叔叔托马斯·汉考克开设在波士顿的一家商行。后来，叔叔给汉考克留了一大笔遗产。 1765年，汉考克成为波士顿的市民代表。1769至1774年间，他还入选马萨诸塞殖民地议会。 1770年“马萨诸塞惨案”发生后，波士顿立刻成立了城市委员会，要求英国军队撤出波士顿，汉考克是该委员会的主席。

In 1774 and 1775 Hancock was president of the first and second provincial congresses, and he shared with Samuel Adams the leadership of the Massachusetts Patriots. With Adams he was forced to flee Lexington for Philadelphia when warned in April 1775 that he was being sought by General Thomas Gage's troops, approaching from Boston. Hancock was a member of the Continental Congress from 1775 to 1780; he served as its president from May 1775 to October 1777. He hoped to become commander in chief of the Continental Army, but George Washington was selected instead.

1774至1775年间，汉考克担任了马萨诸塞立法会第一、二两届的主席，并和塞缪尔·亚当斯共同承当该州民兵组织的领导职责。 1775年汉考克收到警告，托马斯·凯奇（Thomas Gage）将军正从波士顿发兵追捕他，汉考克被迫和亚当斯一道从来克星敦逃到费城。 1775至1780年间，汉考克入选大陆议会，并在1775年5月至1777年10月担任议会主席。他本来希望能够成为大陆军的总司令，但最终的人选还是乔治·华盛顿。

Hancock was a member of the Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1780 and in the same year was elected governor of the state. He served in Congress under the Articles of Confederation in 1785–86 and then returned to the governorship. He presided over the Massachusetts Convention of 1788 that ratified the federal Constitution, although he had been unfriendly at first toward the document. Hancock died while serving his ninth term as governor.

1780年，汉考克成为马萨诸塞州立宪大会的一员，并于同年被选为该州州长。 1785至1786年间，汉考克遵循《美国邦联条例》（ Articles of Confederation）在议会服务，之后又归任州长。 在1788年，汉考克主持马萨诸塞州议会通过了联邦宪法，尽管一开始他对这份文件持反对立场。 汉考克逝世在他的第九届州长任期上。

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